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In 1834, 503 inhabitants were reported for Harxheim, of whom 332 were Protestant, 153 Catholic, and 18 Hebrew. In 1905 the population was 493, of which 350 were Protestants, 121 Catholics and 22 Israelites. Around 1925, 11 people from Harxheim were members of the Jewish community. 1) 2) 3)<\/p>\n
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The Jewish religious communities in Ebersheim and Harxheim were closely connected even before 1830. However, the Harxheim Jews were too few in number to build their own prayer house or synagogue. This probably led to the merger with the Ebersheim religious community. For reasons of proportional representation, the board of the Jewish community of Ebersheim-Harxheim always included a member from Harxheim.<\/p>\n
A very important member from Harxheim was Ferdinand Mayer, who volunteered for the Jewish community as a member of the board, including as a precentor, from 1896 to 1934. 4)<\/p>\n
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The fates and lives of members of the Harxheim Mayer family:<\/p>\n
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- Ferdinand and Judith Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Sara Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Simon Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Johanna Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Judith Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Herta Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Fritz Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Moritz and Katharina Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Friedrich Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- other Harxheim citizens of the Turkish faith<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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- <\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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- <\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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The communal synagogue stood in Ebersheim, its origin can already be dated to the time before 1842. Later, the building was extended by an annex with a teacher’s apartment. The Jews of Harxheim went on foot to Ebersheim for church services and religious instruction. In the winter months, the religion teacher also came to Harxheim to teach the children. 4)<\/p>\n
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Harxheim also did not have its own Jewish cemetery. The burials took place at the community cemetery in Ebersheim. This is located at the end of the village on the right side of the road to Zornheim.<\/p>\n
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The synagogue was already vandalized and burned down by SA people from Nieder-Olm and Ebersheim in a kind of anticipatory obedience on November 8, 1938, one day before Pogrom Night. Likewise, the houses and apartments of the five Jewish families still living in Ebersheim were completely destroyed. The land on which the synagogue stood passed into private ownership in 1956. The remains of the building were removed and disposed of. Today, a memorial plaque embedded in the sidewalk in front of the house at Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 9 commemorates the former Jewish house of worship. 4)<\/p>\n
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Nothing is known of any outrages against the Jewish couple Moritz and K\u00e4thie Mayer, who were still living in Harxheim at the time.<\/p>\n
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The Reichstag elections from 1928 to 1933 dramatically document the exponential growth of the NSDAP’s vote from virtually zero to one hundred. This explains the parallel rapid spread of anti-Semitism, which was consciously promoted. In contrast to municipalities with a predominantly Catholic population, the proportion of NSDAP voters was above average in more Protestant peasant communities. In some of these municipalities, NASDAP achieved vote shares of well over 70%. 5)<\/p>\n
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Share of the NSDAP vote (in %) in the Reichstag elections from 1924 to 1933 (city of Mainz, Harxheim and neighboring communities)<\/p>\n
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Source: Klein, Thomas. The Hessians as Reichstag Voters, Third Volume: Grand Duchy\/State of Hesse 1867-1933)<\/span><\/p>\n
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After 1933, the persecution of Jews by the National Socialists quickly led to increased emigration from rural communities in Rheinhessen or to people leaving Germany. The Jewish rural population preferred to move to the larger cities. This was followed by school and job bans, business boycotts, exclusion and harassment of the Jewish population.<\/p>\n
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Those who were not able to leave Germany by the beginning of the war in 1939 after the Pogrom Night in 1938 and the massive pressure of the National Socialists that followed were forcibly resettled, deported and murdered in the death camps in the following years. Very few people survived the Holocaust. Jewish life was extinguished in the Rhine-Hessian communities. This also applies to Harxheim.<\/p>\n
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In the chronicle for the 1200 year celebration of Harxheim in 1967 the Jewish fellow citizens and their fates remained unmentioned. Today, eyewitness accounts from the time before the Second World War are no longer to be found in Harxheim. The surviving information is often vague or contradictory due to the same first and family names of the Jewish citizens concerned.<\/p>\n
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Using the example of the Mayer family, which lived in Harxheim for generations and had many branches, the following reports attempt to show their lives and their family relationships, especially from about 1900 onwards. The inspection of the files on reparations from the post-war period provide insights into the situation of the families before and during the Nazi period. Likewise, circumstances and details of the escape of the individual family members as well as the beginning of a new life in the USA can be traced.<\/p>\n
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In addition to the Mayers, other Jewish families with family ties to the neighboring communities of Ebersheim, Mommenheim and Bodenheim lived in Harxheim for a time. If the information situation permits, these Harxheim citizens should also be reminded.<\/p>\n
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Mayer family, Harxheim<\/h4>\n
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Family tree Mayer family, created by R\u00fcdiger Gottwald and Siegfried Sch\u00e4fer 2023<\/span><\/p>\n
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Image source: Siegfried Sch\u00e4fer<\/span><\/p>\n
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Mayer family – individual life paths<\/h4>\n
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Ferdinand and Judith Mayer<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n
\n\n\n\n
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- Sara Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
- Ferdinand and Judith Mayer<\/a><\/li>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b1-kl-Ferdinand-und-Judith-Mayer-300x163.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b2-x-Sara-Mayer-300x167.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b3-kl-Simon-Mayer-300x167.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b4-kl-Johanna-Mayer-300x191.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b5-kl-Judith-Mayer-300x163.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b6-x-Herta-Mayer-300x84.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-b7-kl-Moritz-Fritz-Mayer-300x179.jpg\")
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/doku-harxheim.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CHR-WAR-02-a-kl-Moritz-und-Katharina-Mayer-300x168.jpg\")
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